Daily Scripts
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The scripts inside /etc/cron.daily/ has to be executable to run. (This has the additional benefit, that if you want to temporarily disable a cron job here, just unset the executable bit for that particular script.)
I'm using duplicity as a backup utility, which has 2 types of backups: full and incremental. I want a incremental backup to be made every day and a full backup once a month. Is there a way to specify to anacron that I don't wan't my daily backup to run the day my monthly backup runs
Setting the daily backup from days 2-31 of the month won't do the trick as this is my work laptop and I might not switch the computer on on the first day of the month (let's say it's a Sunday), in which case anacron will run my full backup script the next day I loggin.
Extra-question: I've read anacron stops if I unplug the AC. Does this mean it will stop the execution of already started scripts Let's say I unplug the AC once anacron is already running my backup script, will the backup terminate normally or will it be killed as soon as I unplugged which might result in a corrupted backup
On older OS X versions Mac maintenance scripts used to be automatically scheduled to run at a certain time (03:15 for daily scripts, Saturday at 03:15 or 04:30 for weekly, and the first of the month at 05:30 for monthly). These are times when your Mac system expects to have a little down-time to get its housekeeping done.
The arrival of macOS Sierra in 2016 introduced some self-cleaning features on the Mac. What was previously done by scheduled maintenance scripts is now performed by the macOS itself without you even knowing. This is what the macOS cleans automatically on your Mac:
sudo launchctl unload /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.periodic-daily.plist/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.periodic-daily.plist: Operation not permitted while System Integrity Protection is engaged
Mac OS X is a UNIX-based system, built in part on both BSD and FreeBSD. UNIX systems run scheduled maintenance routines — known as maintenance scripts — to clean up a variety of System logs and temporary files. By default, these are executed between 03:15 and 05:30 hours local time, depending on the script.
If your Mac is shut down or in sleep mode during these hours, the maintenance scripts will not run. [1] This results in log files that will grow over time, consuming free space on your Mac OS X startup disk.
If your Mac is shut down or left in sleep mode overnight, the maintenance scripts should be run manually on a regular basis… unless you plan on devoting a large portion of your hard drive to the files cleaned-up by these routines!
Download and install a third-party utility, such as Cocktail or Yasu, that provides a function for running the maintenance scripts. You may find additional solutions by searching MacUpdate or VersionTracker™. Employ the version of the utility that is compatible with to the version of Mac OS X you are using.
These utilities permit running any individual maintenance script — daily, weekly, or monthly — or all of them. For example, running all three scripts weekly is a good habit if your Mac is frequently shutdown or in sleep mode overnight.
While we have not tested it, we have read positive reports from users of the freeware application Anacron. It runs the maintenance scripts automatically if the computer is awake and the scripts have not run when scheduled. As with other utilities, employ the version of Anacron that is compatible with the version of Mac OS X you are using..
You can run a Terminal command to quickly check the date and time stamps of the log files associated with each maintenance script. This indicates when the scripts' logs were last updated, hence when the scripts were last executed.
In this example, the scripts last ran on 8 May of the current year, between 10:40 and 10:43 local time. The date and time stamps in the example are the result of running the scripts manually via Terminal. If the scripts were run automatically on their default schedule, their date stamps would vary and their time stamps would indicate executions between 03:15 and 05:30 hours.
Under Panther and Jaguar, the schedule is specified in the System crontab file. You can easily view or edit this file with the donationware utility Cronnix. The cron process launches the scripts based on the schedule specified in crontab.
How the timer used by launchd handles sleep time has led many to incorrectly believe that they no longer need to run the maintenance scripts and that the scripts are run automatically if the Mac was asleep or shutdown at the scheduled time.
While it may appear that launchd executes the maintenance scripts "on the fly" if the computer is asleep or shutdown at the appointed time, this is a side effect of how the timer treats the time the computer has spent in sleep mode. The timer used by launchd does not count sleep time. If your Mac is asleep at the scheduled time when a given script is supposed to run, the script may run later that day at a time shifted by the amount of time the Mac was asleep. However, if you restart your Mac before the time-shifted execution time, pending events are lost and the script will not run off-schedule: the next chance for the script to run will be at its regularly scheduled time.
If you regularly restart your Mac and the computer regularly sleeps or is shut down at the scheduled times, it's possible that the scripts will never run, hence one should still run them manually, such as on a weekly basis.
I poked around on the machine and discovered the "scheduled tasks" control panel, but it doesn't seem to have anything to do with running scripts, as far as I can tell from the options offered by the "wizard".
In two normative studies, we examined daily scripted activities from the perspective that scripts are frequency-based knowledge structures. In Study 1 individuals recorded their daily activities for 7 consecutive days. Fifteen activities that were reported with low, moderate, and high frequency were selected for Study 2, in which individuals generated a script for each activity. The 18 most frequently generated events from each script are reported, along with their centrality and distinctiveness rankings and the number of individuals reporting each event. Overall, the mean number of events generated increased with increasing script frequency, suggesting that script representations are subject to frequency effects. Also, we found a high level of consistency across the three age groups in the events generated in each script and in their corresponding rankings of centrality and distinctiveness. Finally, we found no evidence of age or gender bias in the frequency or recency of engaging in each of the scripted activities.
For SuSE systems (specifically SLES 11.1 and openSuSE 10.3) the daily run time of the /etc/cron.daily scripts is controlled by the value of the DAILY_TIME variable set in the /etc/sysconfig/cron file.
Computationally intensive disciplines such as computational biology often require use of a variety of tools implemented in different scripting languages and analysis of large data sets using high-performance computing systems. Although scientific workflow systems can powerfully organize and execute large-scale data-analysis processes, creating and maintaining such workflows usually comes with nontrivial learning curves and engineering overhead, making them cumbersome to use for everyday data exploration and prototyping. To bridge the gap between interactive analysis and workflow systems, we developed Script of Scripts (SoS), an interactive data-analysis platform and workflow system with a strong emphasis on readability, practicality, and reproducibility in daily computational research. For exploratory analysis, SoS has a multilanguage scripting format that centralizes otherwise-scattered scripts and creates dynamic reports for publication and sharing. As a workflow engine, SoS provides an intuitive syntax for creating workflows in process-oriented, outcome-oriented, and mixed styles, as well as a unified interface for executing and managing tasks on a variety of computing platforms with automatic synchronization of files among isolated file systems. As illustrated herein by real-world examples, SoS is both an interactive analysis tool and pipeline platform suitable for different stages of method development and data-analysis projects. In particular, SoS can be easily adopted in existing data analysis routines to substantially improve organization, readability, and cross-platform computation management of research projects.
Motivated by the limitations of current systems for ad hoc data exploration, we developed Script of Scripts (SoS), a cross-platform, multilanguage scripting and workflow system designed for daily computational research. SoS features a plain-text file format for multilanguage scripting and workflow execution. It also has an optional Jupyter-based Integrated Development Environment (IDE) [21] that provides a notebook format that allows for the inclusion of scientific narratives, workflow descriptions, sample input and output, along with the embedded workflows. SoS empowers daily research applications, ranging from neatly consolidating fragments of scripts into a single executable source file for executing sophisticated workflows that harness the power of multiple remote computing environments, while keeping the entire process of script development, interactive data analysis, batch data processing, and reporting and sharing of results in a local environment familiar to users. In contrast with other workflow tools, SoS enhances existing scripts with workflow functionalities, while requiring little to no modification of the scripts themselves.
Herein we introduce SoS syntax and design, with an emphasis on exploratory analysis and prototyping features. We then describe SoS functionalities as a conventional workflow system, focusing on benefits of multiple workflow specification styles. Next, we describe the cross-platform execution and task management mechanism. Finally, we apply SoS to several well-established problems in machine learning and genomics to demonstrate how daily research tasks can be streamlined, integrated, and documented in SoS. 59ce067264